Comments about Including the Crosscutting Concept Researchers have now engineered a new polymer that is meant to take DNA- and RNA … Or download the PDF files for Instructions and Template. Note: For color-blind students there is a gear button that adjusts the settings to allow them to participate fully. ID: 15889; Source: DNAi These are suggestions for the order of DNA … Symposium Overview RNA biology is intimately interlinked with DNA metabolism on multiple levels, and the crosstalk between the two nucleic acids involves potential for both conflicts as well as cooperative … In the “RNA World” game, students will begin by exploring a very simple RNA molecular chain. Sequence the grizzly bear DNA of hair samples to estimate populations. Join the Amoeba Sisters as they compare and contrast RNA with DNA and learn why DNA should be sharing the limelight! Examples:  Babies grow into adulthood (RNA makes the “photocopies” required for mitosis; breaking down food in intestines (RNA transfers the correct amino acid to the site of protein synthesis); certain diseases like common cold (RNA in a virus is responsible for spreading an encoded message that attacks a living host’s cells, causing illness). The one drawback is that many of the buttons require clicking in a precise “sweet spot” within the box; otherwise, the game won’t continue. Explore the basic structure of RNA and correctly assemble a simple RNA molecule. The Crosscutting Concept related to Structure & Function is explicitly addressed in the animated videos that accompany the game. The study of biology at a molecular level. Students will not need to know the full molecular composition, just the abbreviations for the four RNA base units: A, U, G, and C. This resource is explicitly designed to build towards this crosscutting concept. A “Help” menu is available with tips if a student gets stuck. The purpose of transformation is to introduce a foreign plasmid into a bacteria and to use that bacteria to amplify the plasmid in order to make large quantities of it. From the set-up of the model, students are explicitly meeting  DCI’s as they investigate how RNA moves within a cell, interacts with DNA strands to perform specific functions, and how RNA can be viewed as an extended molecule. In the “RNA World” game, students will begin by exploring a very simple RNA molecular chain. It would benefit from a culminating assessment that gauges student understanding of all concepts covered in the Game. This resource builds nicely on the NGSS "storyline" related to cell structure and the basic meaning of “molecule”; however, it doesn’t explicitly explain how this is done in the Teachers Guide.The instructional videos are well-designed for the middle grades. Build a virus to attack a living cell, and then defend against that attack. Comments about Including the Science and Engineering Practice Comments about Including the Disciplinary Core Idea (Note: The Level 3 activity may be difficult for some students in this grade band, but will be appropriate for Gifted/Talented learners or students with high interest.) It’s not necessary for students to understand the structure of DNA to comprehend this activity. The RNA Game and accompanying videos were professionally produced by Eterna, a project created by scientists at Carnegie Mellon University and Stanford University. The flow goes like this: DNA holds the blueprint of the cell with all genetic information needed for growth, reproduction, and food processing. Nucleic acid molecules are separated by applying an electric field to move the negatively charged molecules through an agarose matrix. In the “RNA World” game, students will begin by exploring a very simple RNA … The First Step To Doing This Is Extracting DNA From Cells. Remember, during replication when you are copying … The nitrogen bases of the tRNA pair with the appropriate nitrogen bases of the mRNA. To address this Crosscutting Concept, teachers will need to be sure students are clear on the difference between RNA and DNA. Teachers: These four base units are each nitrogenous-base molecules made up of varying combinations of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and amine groupings. In this simulation, you will learn how to extract messenger RNA molecules, the direct product of your genes. In a virus, the function of RNA is to “hijack” a cell’s molecular machinery to make copies of itself (i.e., to replicate). Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. This rich digital resource explores the versatile RNA molecule through a highly engaging computer game and short explanatory videos. The levels in the game itself are each based upon scientific computation, and will prove challenging to learners. In this Virtual Lab you will build a mRNA … To specifically cover this DCI, teachers may want to create a simple vocabulary chart that shows the base units in RNA:  Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C). The only prior knowledge required for students is a working definition of RNA:  RNA stands for ribonucleic acid -- a class of chain molecules that have important roles in living cells. Build a virus to attack a living cell, and then defend against that attack. Examples of extended structures could include sodium chloride or diamonds. Registered teacher-users can store students’ quiz results, as well as their progress in the RNA Virtual Lab Game. Cytosine and Guanine would contain 30% whereas Uracil would contain 0% because it does not have a sequence of DNA. DNA, along with RNA and proteins, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for life. RNA Structure & Design Section: Dr. Bruce Shapiro pursues research in algorithms for RNA secondary and three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction and analysis in order to increase our understanding of RNA structure and function in biological systems. The RNA molecular structure is much simpler than DNA -- RNA consists mostly of single-stranded chains, while DNA is a double helix structure. Most of the DNA is located in the nucleus, although a small amount can be found in mitochondria (mitochondrial DNA). Virtual Lab Assignment: Upon completion of the virtual lab, provide a detailed procedure of the specific steps involved in performing DNA extraction. The study of biology at a molecular level. Examples of simple molecules could include ammonia and methanol. Assessment does not include valence electrons and bonding energy, discussing the ionic nature of subunits of complex structures, or a complete description of all individual atoms in a complex molecule or extended structure is not required. Develop models to describe the atomic composition of simple molecules and extended structures. This resource is explicitly designed to build towards this science and engineering practice. DNA extraction is an important step in molecular biology techniques in order to obtain specific DNA molecules from the cells. In living cells RNA carries genetic information, can switch cell functions on or off, can translate amino acids to form proteins, and can form defenses to fight infection (RNA Interference). Agarose gel electrophoresis is the easiest and commonest way of separating and analyzing DNA. Examples of extended structures could include sodium chloride or diamonds. RNA, due to its structure, is more versatile and capable of more diverse tasks than DNA. So the step that you go from DNA to mRNA, messenger RNA… Everything living contains DNA and DNA, through the instructions of genes, is responsible for all of the different organisms inhabiting the planet, the vast … About RNA Extraction: Sample and purify mRNA from pigs Virtual Lab Simulation How do you know which genes in your DNA are active in your cells? RNA can carry the “message” of DNA, switch genes on and off, and transfer information to build the proteins essential for life. Examples of simple molecules could include ammonia and methanol. Complex and microscopic structures and systems can be visualized, modeled, and used to describe how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts, therefore complex natural structures/systems can be analyzed to determine how they function. This is a comparison of the differences between DNA versus RNA… The RNA molecular structure is much simpler than DNA -- RNA consists mostly of single-stranded chains, while DNA is a double helix structure. The base units are the same in either, but the function of RNA is quite different between a living cell and a virus. RNA is the “photocopy machine” that makes copies of DNA. Teachers: Underlying concepts of chemical bonding and bond energy are effectively introduced without the complex vocabularies that are reserved for high school. The action of RNA in our cells is crucial to many things we observe at the macro scale, for example, With this Activity, simulate “RNA Transcription” and get the Templates for RNA and DNA nucleotides. Describe the structure of DNA and compare it to the structure of mRNA. our inherited traits, how we grow properly, how our bodies process food, and how we recover from injury. A virus is an intruder that injects its genetic code through a cell wall and causes the cell’s mechanism to make copy after copy, until the cell bursts -- sending countless copies out to hijack other cells. LS3: Heredity - Inheritance and Variation of Traits. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, while RNA is ribonucleic acid.Although DNA and RNA both carry genetic information, there are quite a few differences between them.
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