Which of the following processes is most directly driven by light energy? Which terms describe two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other? What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO2 concentration was doubled? It increases the surface for oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation could be summarized in the following way: Why are the reaction centers of photosystems composed of several structurally different pigments? two molecules of ATP are used, and four molecules of ATP are produced. In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate, B. It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient. Electrons are passed from a reducing agent to an oxidizing agent, releasing free energy at each step. This sounds pretty complicated. The pH of the thylakoid space increases and ATP is synthesized. All eukaryotic organisms have mitochondria, so chemiosmosis is involved in ATP production through cellular respiration in the vast majority of different types of organisms, from animals to plants to fungi to protists. Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the. In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the production of which of the following sets of molecules? When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by _____. The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is -686 kcal/mol, and the free energy for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol. Catabolic processes are activated that generate more ATP. Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved? When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes _____. The mechanism of photophosphorylation is most similar to which of the following processes? What are the products of linear electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis? Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic flagella is TRUE? After the gradient is established, protons diffuse down the gradient through a transport … It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms. B) A "run" results from clockwise movement of the flagellum. What purpose must this serve? a stable compound in which both atoms have full outermost shells. When a molecule of NAD+ gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes _________________. Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O2) is present? A. Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose remains in pyruvate, one of the products of glycolysis. Which of the following events are associated with chemiosmosis in chloroplasts? P680+ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? a. chemiosmosis b. substrate-level phosphorylation c. enzyme-mediated hydrolysis d. none of these is the correct process. What happens to a glucose molecule when it loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction? Which of the following statements describes what happens to a molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction? Hypothesis was produced in 1961 by Peter Mitchell . In eukaryotes, ATP produced by the process of cellular respiration. Background . Chemiosmosis is best understood using diagrams of mitochondria and chloroplasts. in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. The coupling of metabolic and light energy to the performance of transmembrane work through the intermediary of electroosmotic gradients. The function of glycolysis is to begin catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, with a net yield of two ATP. In which reactions of cellular respiration and fermentation does substrate-level phosphorylation occur? The reducing power for Calvin cycle reactions is provided by which of the following molecules? What is the relationship between the wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon? During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence? Explanation: Oxidative phosphorylation is a process which occurs in mitochondrial of cell and in this process the energy is produced in form of ATP. The actual production of ATP in cellular respiration takes place through the process of chemiosmosis (see Chapter 4). Chemiosmosis is one of the processes by which ATP is synthesized. Where are ATP synthase complexes located in plant cells? Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of the water come from? The overall structure of ATPase is highly conserved among all organisms, … oxidative phosphorylation . glucose - NADH - electron transport chain - oxygen. molecule that is the main product of the Calvin cycle. CAM plants keep stomata closed in the daytime, thus reducing loss of water. This means that H2O is _____ during the light reactions and CO2 is _____ during the Calvin cycle. What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane B) carbon fixation in the stroma C) reduction of NADP + molecules D) removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules E) ATP synthesis 25. Which of the following metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? In which reactions of cellular respiration and fermentation does substrate-level phosphorylation occur? 24. A. reduction of NAD+ to NADH B. ATP hydrolysis C. oxidative phosphorylation D. substrate-level phosphorylation. Which of the following sequences describes the path by which electrons move from high-energy to lower-energy molecules in aerobic respiration? https://quizlet.com/238783503/bio-exam-3-ch-9-10-part-of-12-flash-cards The PMF stems from the fact that H + very much wants to return to the cytoplasm and reach equilibrium again, and does this by flowing back to the cytoplasm through an enzyme called ATPase. exocytosis. The Process . A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds. The production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria is called oxidative phosphorylation. 2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP are produced. Which of the following sequences describes the path by which electrons travel downhill energetically in aerobic respiration? Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2. The function of Chemiosmosis: It works for the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Expert Answer 100% (1 rating) Previous question Next question Get more help from Chegg. Oh no! Plants are photoautotrophs. receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. What happens along an electron transport chain? The process is called chemiosmosis because the chemical ions move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane, just like water molecules. What is likely to happen when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply? Which of the following statements about glycolysis false? Which of the following sequences describes the path by which electrons travel downhill energetically in aerobic respiration? History . ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation. In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + P to ATP? a) Facilitated diffusion b) Active transport c) Chemiosmosis d) Osmosis e) Na+ influx into a nerve cell. kinetic...chemical. Given its function, why is this necessary? In each of these situations, chemiosmosis is the process that allows the cell to harvest energy from oxidation reactions and synthesize ATP. Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain? Which of these statements is the correct explanation for this observation? Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings? Each time a molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized via aerobic respiration, how many oxygen molecules (O2) are required? Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to ________, and in this step gain ________. https://quizlet.com/302532642/bio-ch-9-hw-and-quiz-flash-cards B. NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. Which molecule is the final electron acceptor for electrons from photosystem I? First, the molecules NADH and FADH2 obtained by the citric acid cycle, which passes electron down to electron transport chain which causes of release energy. it loses electrons and loses potential energy. Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation? Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis? https://quizlet.com/245217882/chapter-9-review-questions-flash-cards In mitochondria, an electron transport chain pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, an electron transport chain pumps protons from the ________. This answer has been viewed 153 times yesterday and 343 times during the last 30 days. multi-protein complex within the electron transport chain. b) Separation of oil and water* c) Sequestration of hydrophobic groups to the interior of a folded protein ????? There would be more cellular damage from harmful products of the light reactions of photosynthesis, can continue to fix CO2 even at lower CO2 concentrations and higher oxygen concentrations. d) Melting of ice. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed? What related function do they have in plants? Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO2) from a molecule of pyruvate? In Eukaryotes, it take place in the mitochondria during cellular respiration and in the chloroplast during photosynthesis. In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP +Pi to ATP? Difference between Cellular respiration and breathing. Cellular respiration and breathing differ in that cellular respiration is at the cellular level, whereas breathing is at the organismal level. Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located? Why are carbohydrates and fats frequently considered high-energy foods? In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. A) creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane B) carbon fixation in the stroma C) reduction of NADP + molecules D) removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules E) ATP synthesis 25. b Chemiosmosis occurs in which one of the following processes Electron from BIOLOGY MISC at San Diego Mesa College In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate, ____________. An example of this would be the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions (H + ) across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis . In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the production of which of the following sets of molecules? The process of ATP synthesis using “free energy” obtained through the passing-on of electrons to several carriers (ETC) is known as chemiosmosis. Cells store energy that they use for work in the _____. Chemiosmosis is used to generate 90 percent of the ATP made during aerobic glucose catabolism. They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy. Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis? A) substrate-level phosphorylation B) oxidative phosphorylation C) ATP hydrolysis D) reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH. Why does Hydrogen lose electrons to oxygen. Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis? a) Dissolving sodium chloride in water. Which of the following is false regarding the bacterial chromosome? It is driven by chemiosmosis where the electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH₂ to the final acceptor, the molecular oxygen through a … In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about five times the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes. CHEMIOSMOSIS. II) Bulk flow depends on a difference in pressure potential at the source and sink. Carbon dioxide is split to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds in which of the following metabolic pathways? Which of the following statements about the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP is correct? energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient. C4 plants occur more commonly in desert conditions because _____. In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration? If glucose is the sole energy source, what fraction of the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals is generated only by the reactions involved in oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA? Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to, D. energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase. D. The end products of glycolysis are CO2 and H2O. Which statement is not correct with regard to redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions? C3 plants would have faster growth rates; C4 plants would be minimally affected. Which of the following statements describes what happens to a molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction? Chemiosmosis The process by which ATP is generated as a result of the H + gradient across the membrane is called chemiosmosis. It obtains electrons from the oxygen atom in a water molecule, so it must have a stronger attraction for electrons than oxygen has. Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? The chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP requires that the electron transport in the inner mitochondrial membrane be coupled to proton transport across the same membrane. Chemiosmosis is the process of a molecule moving from high to low concentration, based on its charge and concentration inside a cell. Which of the following statements about bulk flow are correct? To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate, ________. Q 30 Q 30. This arrangement enables the plant to absorb light energy of a variety of wavelengths. During which of the following metabolic processes is most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released? III) Bulk flow depends on the force of gravity on a column of water. D) Treponema is an example of a bacterium that has a tuft of polar flagella. transferred to the atom that gains an electron. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is released. Which of the following statements describes a primary function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation? build molecules, require energy, and are endergonic. I) Bulk flow is driven primarily by pressure potential. Plants are classified as producers because they fix inorganic carbon into organic molecules. nonprotein organic electron carrier within the electron transport chain. Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient. In a plant, which of the following reactions produce molecular oxygen (O2)? It looks like your browser needs an update. The pumping establishes a proton (H +) gradient. The most common method involving chemiosmosis in the production of ATP is cellular respiration in the mitochondria, the process of which is discussed above. How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants? two molecules of ATP are used, and four molecules of ATP are produced. Which of the following is a typical feature of an ATP-driven active transport mechanism? What do these observations suggest about the likely identity of this organism? energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient. It produces carbon dioxide and consumes ATP and oxygen, The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with. Chemiosmosis involves the pumping of protons through special channels in the membranes of mitochondria from the inner to the outer compartment. Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis? It loses electrons and loses potential energy. The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of which of the following processes? Which of the following processes are driven by the hydrophobic effect? Which of the following statements summarizes the metabolic results of photorespiration? Which of the following processes is most directly driven by light energy? provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient. is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself. Chemiosmosis. A. It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms. Starting with one molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following sets of energy-containing products? It is also the method used in the light reactions of photosynthesis to harness the energy of sunlight in the process of photophosphorylation. Chemiosmosis occurs at the end of a long series of complex chemical changes that transfer chemical energy from one molecule to another, ranging from glucose all the way to ATP. CO2 is fixed or incorporated into organic molecules. It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain . arrangement of atoms within molecules. Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved? removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected if a thylakoid membrane is punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma? Multiple Choice . What does this mean? Which of the following events accompanies absorption of energy by chlorophyll molecules of the reaction-center complex? Which statement best describes the process of chemiosmosis and the direct result of its occurrence?A. oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration. What would be a likely consequence of a mutation in plants that results in a photorespiration deficiency? ADP is converted to ATP.B. Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; cellular respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules. Which of the following processes occurs during the Calvin cycle? Under anaerobic conditions (a lack of oxygen), the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA stops. Why might the alternative pathways of photosynthesis using C4 or CAM systems be described as metabolic compromises? H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase. This energy permits protons (H+) to travel down to a proton gradient via … When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom (not a hydrogen ion) as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes. an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized. Carbon dioxide is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration? In the electromagnetic spectrum, the type of radiation that we call visible light occurs between _____. thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane. A) active transport B) facilitated diffusion C) diffusion D) osmosis E) passive transport. This occurs in thylakoids and mitochondria . The oxygen released by photosynthesis is produced by which of the following processes? What kinds of cells carry out ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis? Which of the following statements correctly describes a distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? They absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll. Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of a metabolic pathway involved in cellular respiration? Energy is released within this process, resulting in the synthesis of ATP. What is the basic role of CO2 in photosynthesis? What is the function of the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex in the thylakoid membranes? The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____. Hydrogen ions flow from the thylakoid A molecule is reduced if it loses electrons. 24. Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose in aerobic cellular respiration? they can fix carbon at the lower CO2 concentrations that develop when the stomata are closed. However, this is the method used by every eukaryote on Earth. Electron tramsport and production of ATP are coupled by a proton gradient across membranes. Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? An organism is discovered that thrives in both the presence and absence of oxygen. prosthetic group present in several components of the electron transport chain. Chemiosmosis is central to the metabolism of many types of cells: a methane-producing prokaryote living in an anaerobic swamp; a heart muscle cell burning glucose in the presence of O 2; and a clover leaf mesophyll cell using sunlight to synthesize sugars. In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs during ________. What are the products of cyclic electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

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